The History and Future of Poverty Essay - 3716 Words

To understand our current sins of earth-savaging, overconsuming, and overpopulating, we have to look at facts that are, like the sun, too painful for our direct gaze. Instinctively we look away. Poverty The poverty of the poor is their ruin, says the Book of Proverbs. And the ruin is not just material. Poverty rapes and kills the spirit of the poor. We underestimate its complexity and cruelty. There are four dimensions of poverty: (1) Material limit. Poverty does mean a lack of material necessities. For the one billion people in absolute poverty, the most basic essentials are critically lacking and death is fastening its grip on them. Note, too, that fewer than 3 billion people could eat as we eat, i.e. on a North†¦show more content†¦Infants reach for hope starting with their birth and the infants of the poor already show with their eyes that there is no hope for them. Hunger and pain have already told them that their humanity does not count. The stripping of respect and hope from the poor is well systematized. Capitalism from its start had poverty in its train. Serfs in the feudal, pre-capitalist system did often have a kind of paternalistic social security. They were part of a unit that shared the essentials out of a kind of practical necessity. With the dawn of modern capitalism, the serfs were cast out to look for work and security. Capitalism had two choices from the beginning, either to correct its deficiencies and care for those who were cast out by the blind mechanisms of the market or to e mbark on the systematic vilification of the poor, implying that their plight was their own doing and not an indictment of the system. Capitalism embraced the second alternative with passion. The Statute of Laborers in 1349 in England made it a crime to give alms to the poor. In modern terms this meant cutting off welfare from these lazy drones who opted freely for idleness. This same spirit emerged in The Poor Law Reform Bill in England in 1834, which said explicitly that the main cause of poverty was the indiscriminate giving of aid which destroyed the desire to work. Again, there was nothing wrong with the system, only with those left out by the system. Of this 1834 bill PrimeShow MoreRelatedThe war on terrorism in Afghanistan has been the longest war in the history of the United States of1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe war on terrorism in Afghanistan has been the longest war in the history of the United States of America, the war that nobody wanted is finally coming to an end. Ever since the September 11th attack on the twin towers in the heart of New York, the United States has led a 13 year long war on terrorism in the war-torn country, Afghanistan. The ending of the war is a major turning point in the history of America and Afghanistan. The ending of the war will be the greatest test on the people of AfghanistanRead MoreVulnerable Populations1503 Words   |  7 Pagesnegligence; such as natural disasters or fires. Homeless individuals may have no other choice than to live on the streets, trains, and alley ways to name a few places where homeless people seek shelter. The history of homelessness, social problems, demographics, common clin ical issues, and intervention/future interventions will be explored to determinate how homelessness is caused and how it can diminish with time. Homelessness has been around for some time and is increasing with time. Homelessness was noticedRead MoreTheological Reflection on the Root Causes of Poverty Essay641 Words   |  3 Pagesdetermining factor in our encounter with the Lord and with other humans. Our actions in history (past, present, and future) shape has to shape our theological reflection and understanding. Today’s society has many problems such as poverty that causes numinous members of the society to look for solutions to these issues. A common way that the people of today’s society use as a solution to solve the problem of poverty is to give money to those individuals who are subjected to this way of life. The problemRead MoreThe Realist Versus Liberalist Debate1432 Words   |  6 Pagesit should be† is one of the pre-eminent questions in the field of IR theories. After all, this question could be seen as a different way of formulating the Realist versus Liberalist debate, or the â€Å"First Great Debate† in IR theory. If we look at history, as Dr. Hirst explained in one of her lectures, Liberalism, or Idealism as some may call it, was the founding theory in IR. It offered an optimistic view of the world inherited from enlightment philosophers such as John Locke and Immanuel Kant. 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For both my father and mother’s sides of the family the search for freedom, opportunity and overall betterment in lifestyle caused my relatives to move to the United States during the World War ll era. As we have seen throughout the texts studied thus far this semester, the history of modern societyRead MoreIs Mi litary Strike Rise Terrorist?1676 Words   |  7 Pagesit is impossible to build a ‘PURE’ Muslim world in this secular world. Does anti-terrorism work? Some people says we coast a lot of money and casualties. As what we see in the history, a lot of important was happened with terrorism, for example the WWII China-japan war even american civil war. Some of them pushed the history going and some of them make some terrible things. According to author â€Å"Actually the Syrian Free Army do not fight for their people freedom. Indeed, credible sources report thatRead MoreI once believed that poverty was a state of mind that resulted in a variety of physical and mental1100 Words   |  5 Pagesonce believed that poverty was a state of mind that resulted in a variety of physical and mental manifestations. While this may be true in some cases, the simple truth is that many people around the world are born in poverty with virtually no exposure to any other way of life. Others may find themselves in its clutches due to personal choices or from circumstances beyond individual control. The same as any other social i ssue, it is important to understand the cause of poverty; however the complexityRead MoreThe Evolution Of Poverty During The Civil War1654 Words   |  7 Pages THE EVOLUTION OF POVERTY IN AMERICA Missy Worrells Modern History 1073 November 19, 2014 â€Æ' The Evolution of Poverty in America Poverty is a hardship that has existed in every milestone of American history. War impacted the economy of the country after the Civil War. The twentieth century would see wars, natural disasters, and economical depressions that contributed to the developing culture of poverty. Poverty in any time period is a shattering experience. While being poorRead MoreThe Downside to Mississippi Essay553 Words   |  3 Pagespoorest states in the nation. The history on the state of Mississippi past and present is still defined by its racist past. Today Mississippi tops the list of the fattest states. The Mississippi Delta region exhibits all these conditions in the worst degree. The state of Mississippi is so poor that they are ranked last in there Per Capita Income a year. In the Mississippi Delta, some people mostly African Americans live in conditions nearing 3rd world poverty. Homes are ramshackle, food is scarce

Types of Business Ownership - 1072 Words

The sole proprietorship is the simplest form of business organization. A sole proprietorship is a business that is owned by an individual who is solely responsible for all aspects of the business. The owner is personally responsible for all debts of the business, even in excess of the amount invested. The business and its owner are thus considered the same entity. The advantages of a sole proprietorship include: a. Low start up costs, as legal and filing fees are at a minimum. However, many states and cities require a filing with county clerk. b. Greatest freedom from regulation and paperwork. c. Owner is in direct control, with no interference from other owners. d. Taxes may be lower than for regular corporations. The†¦show more content†¦If the business fails or loses a lawsuit, the general creditors cannot attach the owners’ homes, cars and other personal property. Limited liability is the one major reason so many businesses are incorporated. b. Capital can be raised more easily than under other forms of ownership. This does not mean, however, that a new corporation can sell shares of stock easily. The sale of stock is highly regulated by both federal and state governments, and obtaining bank loans for a new business may be no easier for a new corporation than for a partnership or proprietorship. c. Ownership in a corporation is more easily transferable, this includes transferring shares to family members as gifts or otherwise, as well as selling your interest to some other person. However, in many small corporations it is advisable to put restrictions on transfer of shares, especially if the persons owning and working in the business must be able to work closely together. This is generally accomplished by stockholder agreements. The stockholder’s agreement is an agreement between a shareholder and the corporation. It may state, that the shareholder may not sell his shares for a specific period of time after acquiring them or that the shareholder must, under certain conditions, sell the shares back to the corporation. d. Since the corporation is an independent legal entity, it has a life of its own, or a continuous existence. It does not cease simply because one of the owners dies orShow MoreRelatedTypes Of Business Ownership And Ownership Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pages Types of Business Ownership Name Institutional Affiliation â€Æ' Business Ownership Introduction Business ownership refers to having control over a business enterprise and exercising this power by dictating its operations, functioning, and management. Ownership can be acquired either through franchising or purchasing an existing business. There are three types of business ownership, namely sole proprietorship, corporation, and partnership. A single entrepreneur can own several businesses underRead MoreTypes of Business Ownership1074 Words   |  5 Pagesgoverned by special laws. A proprietorship is a type of business entity which legally has no separate existence from its owner. Hence, the limitations of liability enjoyed by a corporation and limited liability partnerships do not apply to sole proprietors. All debts of the business are debts of the owner. The single proprietor has unlimited liability since creditors of his business may proceed not only against the assets and properties of his business but also after his own personal assets and propertiesRead MoreBusiness Types of Ownership993 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Types of Ownership Before starting any venture it is very important to figure out how the organization is going to build its chain of command. Basically no business is made for short time and for this reason a very careful measurement should be done on ownership. 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There areRead MoreDifferent Types Of Business Ownership1277 Words   |  6 PagesTypes of Business Ownership: Everything You Need to Know Before you can determine how you want to structure your business, you#39;ll need to know what your options are. The below are your choices when it comes to running your business: sole proprietorship, partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company (LLC), corporation (for-profit), nonprofit corporation, and cooperative. It is important that you choose the right structure for your business as the type of structure you choose willRead MoreComparing Types Of Business Ownership1331 Words   |  6 Pages Comparing Types of Businesses Name: Sabrina Bhinder Date: September 10th, 2014 In the space below, explain each of the following terms and provide an example. Forms of business ownership (5K marks) 1. Sole proprietorship †¢ A business that is just owned by only one person, who receives all the profit for everything. Example of a sole proprietorship can be a hairdresser that buys a chair for their business and can get customers directly for them. 2. Partnership †¢ WhenRead MoreThe Types of Business Ownership Essay examples840 Words   |  4 PagesThe Types of Business Ownership This report is about the advantages and disadvantages of different types of business ownerships. Introduction I am going to write about the advantages and disadvantages of different business ownerships including: * Sole Trader * Partnership * Franchise I will include the definitions of some of the business ownerships. Main Body SOLE TRADER Sole trader, as the name suggests, is where anRead MoreInvestigation of the Types of Business Ownership Essay801 Words   |  4 PagesInvestigation of the Types of Business Ownership JCC Limited is a private limited company. Other forms of business ownership include: The sole trader. This is the most common form of private sector business. This type of business has one owner who runs the business and may employ any number of people to help. Advantages of being a sole trader include the lack of legal restrictions, the sole trader is able to set up their business relatively quickly. Also all profits Read MoreTypes Of Business, Purpose And Ownership Of Two Contrasting Business2226 Words   |  9 PagesP1:Describe the type of business, purpose and ownership of two contrasting business Coca cola Coca Cola is a soft fizzy drink sold in every store throughout the world. It is produced by The Coca Cola Company of Atlanta in Georgia, and is often called as Coke. Purpose:- The purpose of coca cola is to design develop and advertise soft drinks the customers can enjoy, and also make profit from selling of soft drinks. Ownership:-The history of coca cola begin In 1892, Candler set out toRead MoreTypes Of Business, Purpose And Ownership Of Two Contrasting Businesses Essay1227 Words   |  5 PagesTASK-1 Describe the type of business, purpose and ownership of two contrasting businesses. (P1). 1. A brief introduction to the two local businesses? For profit business kokuyo camlin limited (Kokuyo camlin limited) Source: https://www.google.co.in/search?q=kokuyo+camlin+logo Introduction: kokuyo camlin ltd formerly known as camlin ltd is an Indian stationery company based in Mumbai india kokuyo japan holds around 51% stake in kokuyo camlin camlin manufactures art materials market

Computer Input and Output Free Essays

Other data is originally recorded in a form that is acceptable to the computer L] Magnetic ink character recognition (MICE) C] Optical character recognition (OCCUR) This approach is called SOURCE DATA AUTOMATION third basic way to enter data into the computer is to key it into an online key driven device. CIA fourth option permits data input in audible form, using a voice recognition unit. Input Options Source data Key to tape Machine Computer readable data OCCUR docs MICE Keyboard Terminals MICE, OCCUR units Card, tape, disk Units Chain Nell Voice Recognition CPU Output offers similar options. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Input and Output or any similar topic only for you Order Now Information or data can be recorded on a permanent medium, such as paper, microfilm, or punched cards, or the information can be displayed on a television like screen or resented audibly. OUTPUT options Chain Nell print information Termini al Display Plot Computer Output Microfilm Microfilm Microfilm Im printer Card punch Unit Punch Cards Viewer Channels and Control Snits The control unit contains the logic circuitry and storage needed for the control of multiple 1/0 devices. The channel contains the logic circuitry and storage needed to monitor several 1/0 device control units and provide pathways to and from the CPU. Role of Channels and Control Control Units High Speed Control unit Low Speed Jinni 1/0 Devices Channels and Control Units The transfer of data between the 1/0 unit, he control unit, and the channel is serial, or one byte at a time. When this operation is performed, the CPU can process other data in primary storage. The CHIP halts processing just long enough to enter the data from the channel. The interruption of the program in process is very brief because all of the bytes from the channel are transmitted to primary storage at once-?in parallel. The transfer of data from primary storage to an 1/0 unit works in the reverse sequence. Smaller computers have only one channel; larger systems have many. Importance of the channels: 0 Easy to overlook, but without them CPU reference would be drastically reduced. C] The channel hardware and the operating system permit the multiprogramming that maximizes computer productivity. Without channels, there COUld be no time sharing or distributed processing, and batch processing would extremely slow and costly. SKYDIVER INPUT DEVICES Offline Skydiver Devices The most common input device was the keypunch machine. CLC The first key-to-tape and key-to-disk units used conventional magnetic tape reels and hard disks. Offline skydiver Machines Keypunch disk Punch Cards co Zion magnetic Tape Cassette Hard disk Floppy disk Reader Magnet ICC tape Cassette et ICC disk Floppy disk Magnetic tape cassette Contains 285 Ft. Of polyester. Data can be recorded at the density of 800 bytes per inch. Capacity: approximately 2000 punched cards. Floppy Disk Sizes: 5 1/4 inches and 8 inches in diameter. Capacity: 2000-8000 punched cards. KEYED MEDIA INPUT UNITS Card-reading and punching 0 Card reading speeds of 2000 per minute are not uncommon, but punching speeds are in the range of 100-250 per minute. C] Punched cards are used as turned around documents. Punched cards are also used to track materials as they flow through a plant or a distribution network. Floppy disk, Cassette, and Cartridge readers CLC Cassette, and Cartridge readers tapes are produced as a by-product of another operation Online skydiver devices TWO basic types of keyboard terminal: Displays output on a CRT C] Prints output on continuous paper form. Online skydiver devices CRT terminal- also called an ALPHANUMERIC DISPLAY TERMINAL and a VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINAL, is all – electronic, noiseless, and economical. C] Can display information very rapidly, filling the screen with characters much faster than the characters can be printed on the paper. Special features: CLC Color C] Reverse video 0 Blinking CLC Cursor L] Scrolling C] Paging C] Protected format Hard copy terminal – also known as TELEPROMPTER TERMINAL, is a terminal with paper output TWO basic categories of hardcopy terminal: C] Impact -? causes a print â€Å"hammer† to strike the paper to form the character Monomaniac – causes characters to be printed by means of some chemical or heat process, or by spraying the characters on the paper from an ink jet. How to cite Computer Input and Output, Papers

Cialis Case Study free essay sample

What are the most relevant dimensions along which to segment the patient market for ED treatment (i. e. , what are the different ways you could divide it up)? Of the segments identified, which would you target initially with Cialis? With a potential total of 150M men worldwide (30M in the United States alone) suffering from medical Erectile Dysfunction, there is a wide range of factors identified as the potential causes: * Caused my other medications * Medical diseases Lifestyle factors (Smoking, Obesity, Alcohol) * Psychological effects (Stress, Depression are 20% of ED cases) * Age With the launch of Cialis, the focus should be put on targeting the two groups who can most benefit from the product in more than a single way. While solving the primary purpose of Cialis holds the key to the drug’s release and sustained success, the impact at release can have a greater impact to increase brand awareness. 50% of men between ages 40-70 suffer from ED, and this age bracket should be the primary target upon release. Unlike other segment groups who may be difficult to target such as those with Lifestyle factors involved, seeking out men in a particular age bracket is fairly straight forward. In addition, those with Psychological Effects also make up 20% of the market for ED medication, and the fear of interference with drug interactions is not nearly as high as those with Medical Diseases or ED caused by Medication itself. The positive effects being caused by successful sexual stimulation will also presumably positively affect stress and depression as well in these cases. It was evident in the United States by the end of the 2nd quarter 2002 that Viagra sales are not slowing down, with gross margins topping 90%. Pfizer employing more than 30,000 salespeople to push their products with a budget of over $100M for Viagra alone is testament to their focus on marketing. Part of the failure of their intense marketing is their seemingly inability to target their market effectively, as the following statistics show a weak point in their planning: Per every million medical patients who inquire about the use of Viagra: * 30,000 had untreated diabetes * 140,000 had untreated high blood pressure 50,000 had untreated heart disease Whether intentionally or not Pfizer seems to be marketing Viagra to the masses through their marketing machine, as opposed to targeting healthy adults who suffer from ED. In addition, after one year of treatment with Viagra only 25% of patients continue to refill their prescriptions. This may correlate to Viagra being a short-term fix with patients, as opposed to a true treatment of ED for an extended period of time. I would characterize the Viagra brand as being one in which the patients clearly are looking for a different alternative, but are simply overwhelmed by the Pfizer branding nd household name Viagra comes with at this point. Positioning: 3. What would be the most effective way to position Cialis in the marketplace, relative to its competitors? While Viagra was first to market and its total sales have been enormous, they are hampered by reports that 76% of ED patients would be open to a new treatment. While they continue to find more patients effectively, they are not able to keep them for extended periods of time. Levitra was released by Bayer an alternative to Viagra, but quite simply is to similar and reported a 2% decrease in sales in 2001, and a quarterly net-loss as well. While Levitra was thought to target a niche group of men with diabetes related illness, for which it was safer than Viagra, it did not materialize to creating its own segmented market. Cialis should be positioned as a ‘Game-Changer,’ and not so much as a competitor. While the two drugs share the common goal of treating ED, they accomplish it in a much different manner and Cialis should be touted as an upgrade from the first drug of its kind to enter the market in Viagra. Viagra Facts: * Effects last 4-6 hours after dosing * Higher doses taken Effects nullified if taken with high-fat meal leading to slower onset time Cialis Advantage * Up to 36 hours of effectiveness * Lower dosing * Not affected by food intake * Comparatively favorable safety profile * Not been linked to deaths Cialis marketing has to take these advantages into account when going to market by playing off of Viagra’s weaker effects and potentially less flexible use by the patients. Marketing Mix: 4. What marketing mix activities should accompany the launch of Cialis? a. What would be the most important message to communicate to the target patients? To physicians? To partners? The most important message to communicate is going to be that Cialis covers more ground than Viagra and Levitra do. It lasts longer, is taken in smaller doses, isn’t impact by food and timing, and has not been linked to any serious complications as Viagra has. Cialis lasts for up to 26 hours, as compared to 4-6 hours by its competition. The flexibility to not be forced into a small time to be intimate is a major marketing advantage. The facts say that more than 75% of Viagra users want a different option, and this is it. b. What medium would you use to reach each of these parties and what would your relative resource allocation be to each? Physicians feel that Viagra is a suitable option that they are comfortable with. As such, Cialis should make their primary method of marketing as having as much contact with the potential patients as possible through television and print advertising. The idea here would be to alert the patients that there is a new alternative out there and that it has major advantages over its predecessor. Creating inquiring patients to go to their doctors asking about Cialis should be the goal. At the same time, Cialis should not (And can’t afford) to attempt to duplicate Viagra’s allocation to send monstrous sales teams out to doctors to win them over through presentation. This works in part for Viagra because of Pfizer’s other products being industry mainstays, such as Lipitor. Cialis should allocate to inform doctors of their products in a limited manner through this method, but should rely on discounting initial prescriptions and offering sampling rebates through pharmacies in order to win business. With 75% of Viagra users looking for an alternative, letting them know that drug is now here and available is the approach that should be taken; as they will initiate their interest thereafter with their physicians. c. How would you price Cialis? (assuming no health care coverage) What type of promotions would you offer? Since ED medication has been primary labeled as a Quality of Life optional medication by insurance companies, the price of Viagra averages about $10 per pill. The chart below shows that the majority of people has to pay the full amount out of their pockets, or get some shared costs due to discounts, coupons, and very limited insurance coverage. Because ED is a long-term issue for most men, free samples extending up to a month’s worth of pills should be given for a first-time user. This is to both tap into Viagra’s patient base by taking the money out of the equation during the trial period, but also to garner the interest of new users of ED medication. I would Price Cialis at $15 a pill because of the competitive advantages it has over Viagra in most categories. While the common opinion may be to offer a â€Å"Clean Sweep† with a better product that is safer and costs less, it limits the future ability to maximize gross revenue. Cialis is the better product and should be marketed as such in every way. Competitive Response 5. What competitive response do you anticipate from Pfizer? From Bayer-GlaxoSmithKline? Bayer’s Levitra will respond to this by attempting to be an intensely niche-based medication, strictly for men with Diabetes complications. It would be unwise with their already limited patient base and financial limitations to try to complete as a full player in this competition. They may be better off simply conceding in most aspects and targeting that patient base through physician education. Viagra will no doubt unleash their $100M + marketing machine to keep their market share and their Number One spot with physicians. With their past experience using celebrities to sell their product, more of the same should be expected; and should not be duplicated by Cialis. While Cialis should battling to be the alternative, Pfizer will be expected to advertise as if there is no alternative to Viagra worth speaking about.