Vietnam War Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Vietnam War - Term Paper Example The former imperialistic Roman Empire should serve as an example of how this cause and effect scenario plays out. A similar destiny awaits America if it refuses to stop repeating the rationalizations for military involvement that kept it in Vietnam for a decade. A result of justifications emanating from Cold War, anti-communism attitudes, Vietnam became the standard by which limitations of the American military can be measured. Following the U.S. victory over the Japanese in 1945, the U.S. and former Soviet Union became engaged in a politically ideological battle that enveloped much of the rest of the world, the Cold War. Communism was clearly America’s adversary and after the Soviets build the Berlin Wall and continued to dominate other Eastern European countries, which became known as ‘satellite’ nations of the Soviets, the U.S. decided to not allow communism to spread into far Southeast Asia for motivations that remain unclear. Though the U.S. used the atomic b omb in Asia less than 20 years earlier, it deployed thousands of troops to the jungles of Vietnam during the decade-long ‘police action’ despite pleas by some that ground troops were necessary only after ‘the bomb’ was dropped in a clean-up role. The fiasco of Vietnam instigated an anti-military response from the majority of American citizens which contributed to the Cold War’s end. ... isolationism at the ending of the 19th century to its status as the sole remaining superpower, has always been centered on the promotion and conservation of its own interests and ‘the advancement of civilization,’ the exercise of power to assert itself beyond the bounds of the American continents in ‘the interest of civilization and of humanity’ and its own selfish interests.† (Olney, 2004) This period of military re-evaluation lasted from the end of the Vietnam War in 1973 until the invasion of Iraq in March of 2003. The U.S. entered the Vietnam conflict to bring democracy to the oppressed indigenous population (the official reason) very optimistic of securing a quick victory. Unsurprisingly, the U.S. went into Vietnam War with somewhat of an arrogant attitude thinking that the North Vietnamese army would soon bow to the mighty American military machine and that South Vietnam would willingly accept and adjust to a westernized style system of governmen t. According to Henry Kissinger, former U.S. Secretary of State under President Nixon, America entered Vietnam with a â€Å"brash confidence in the universal applicability of America’s prescriptions.† (Kissinger,2003) The paradoxical epilogue to Vietnam was that America went into this bloody, horrifying and long-term war believing it would be the noble liberator of the South Vietnamese. The U.S. did this without appreciating the obvious fact that the South Vietnamese people had been fighting for liberation from a North Vietnamese government which represented the same imperialistic way of thinking as the American government. (Ignatieff, 2003) The U.S. failed in Vietnam not because it lacked military capability but because it did not understand the enemy. Although the U.S. marched in with a tremendous military

School bullying Essay Example for Free

School bullying Essay Bullying is the use of force or coercion to abuse or intimidate others. The behavior can be habitual and involve an imbalance of social or physical power. It can include verbal harassment or threat, physical assault or coercion and may be directed repeatedly towards particular victims, perhaps on grounds of race, religion, gender, sexuality, or ability.[2][3] The victim of bullying is sometimes referred to as a target.( Wikipedia), also according to stopbullying.gov bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time. Both kids who are bullied and who bully others may have serious, lasting problems , and another statement from childparenting.com bullying is intentional aggressive behavior. It can take the form of physical or verbal harassment and involves an imbalance of power (a group of children can gang up on a victim or someone who is physically bigger or more aggressive can intimidate someone else, for instance). Bullying happen in different places but according to Wikipedia Bullying is a common occurrence in most schools. According to the American Psychological Association, approximately 40% to 80% of school-age children experience bullying at some point during their school careers.[16] Regardless of the grade level, socioeconomic environment, gender, religion, or sexual orientation, bullying can happen to anyone. However, various studies point out that students from lower socio-economic backgrounds are more bullied than students from higher socio-economic background. Most children experience bullying at some point in their academic careers. The following is a list of statistics that illustrate the severity of bullying within classrooms:[16] * 20-40% of bullying victims actually report being bullied * 70% of middle school and high school students experience bullying in school * 7-12% of bullies are habitual and pose a serious threat * 23% of 9th graders have carried a weapon to school recent ly[18] * 5-15% of students are constantly bullied * 27% of students are bullied because of their refusal to engage in common sexual practices * 25% of students encourage bullying if not given proper education and support in anti-bullying techniques[15] Due to the low numbers of students who actually report incidents of bullying, teachers need to have a certain level of awareness that will thwart any potential problems. This awareness starts with understanding bullying. Bullying can happen in school, so it is the responsibility of students to protect their classmates and to show everyone the dignity and respect they would like to be treated with. The first line of defense in bullying is in student’s own behavior. But when that fails, it must be brought to the attention of someone in authority, like a teacher. The concept of someone in authority failing to address the problem is simply not acceptable. This is why you must speak to a teacher you trust and know will do something to stop the bullying. There are different kinds of bullying; one of those is verbal bullying. Verbal bullying mostly happen in schools. In many cases, verbal bullying is the province of girls. Girls are more subtle (and can be more devastating), in general, than boys. Girls use verbal bullying, as well as social exclusion techniques, to dominate others and show their superiority and power. However, there are also many boys with subtlety enough to use verbal techniques for domination, and who are practiced in using words when they want to avoid the trouble that can come with physically bullying someone else.( bullyingstatistics.org). Examples of this are name calling, insults, teasing, and intimidation, homophobic or racist remark. In the Philippines, it is common to have a group of friends and teased those people who are isolated. One example that shows verbal bullying happens in schools is the news regarding the teacher who bullied her disabled students, the today shows reported the incident and the recorded tape said: Wilt, who did not respond to requests for an interview, can be heard on the recordings alongside Chaffins calling Cheyanne â€Å"lazy† and â€Å"dumb.† â€Å"Cheyanne, are you kidding me? Are you that damn dumb? You are that dumb?’’ Chaffins can be heard saying in one instance. â€Å"Oh my God. You are such a liar. You told me you don’t know. It’s no wonder you don’t have friends. No wonder nobody likes you because you lie, cheat.’’ On the other hand, the more serious and dreadful regarding the issue of bullying is the physical bullying, About 42 percent of kids have been bullied while online with one in four being verbally attacked more than once, 80% of the time, an argument with a bully will end up in a physical fight, 43% fear harassment in the bathroom at school. Physical bullying mostly happens between boys. It is usually their way of getting their anger out. Physical bullying can be pinching someone on the arm, to kicking someone in their stomach, and everything in between. Physical bullying is also stealing or destroying someone else’s property. According to Wikipedia.com, cyber-bullying is defined as: â€Å"when someone repeatedly makes fun of another person online, or repeatedly picks on another person through emails or text messages, or uses online forums and postings online intended to harm, damage, humiliate, or isolate another person whom they don’t like.† Online bullying, termed â€Å"cyber-bullying†, happens when teens use the internet, cell phones or other devices to send or post text or images intended to hurt or embarrass another person. Cyber-bullying researchers, Hinduja and Patchin define cyber-bullying as â€Å"willful and repeated harm inflicted through the medium of electronic text†, and recently updated the definition to account for cyber-bullying through internet that occurs without actual text, such as videos being uploaded from â€Å"You Tube† for example. In schools, bullying may take the form of repeated name-calling, physical abuse, and continually making fun of diff erences. In the workplace bullying may be characterized by harassment, scapegoating, name-calling, physical abuse, or unfair work pressures. Although people who bully exude a tough exterior, they are often motivated by insecurity, feelings of social rejection, lack of control, and stress. Stressors that can motivate a person to bully include poor academic or work performance, an unsupportive peer network, and strained parental relationships. Commonly, people who bully have been the victims of abuse and express their anger by directing it toward others. Bad behavior frequently gets more attention then good behavior; the need for attention may influence a person to act out and bully another individual. According to abs-cbn news site, In a study led by Plan International and Unicef on Violence Against Children in Public Schools in 2009, it revealed that 4 out of 10 children in Grades 1 to 3 and 7 out of 10 in both Grades 4 to 6 and high school have experienced some kind of violence in school. The study also said that verbal abuse is the most prevalent form of violence experienced by children at all school levels. This includes being shouted at and being cursed, ridiculed, teased or humiliated. It also revealed that children experience violence both from their peers in school and from school personnel. Reccie Oliveros, a volunteer for Volunteers International for Development, Education and Service of Young People and Women (VIDES), has for many years dealt with children who have been bullied as well as the bullies themselves. She said some signs that your child is being bullied are when he or she becomes iyakin, biglang tumatahimik, may fear sa mukha, ayaw ng manood ng mga violent shows. Yung iba ayaw ng pumasok sa school. Oliveros said parents should talk to their children who are victims of bullies. Tanungin ang anak, baka may nasabing di maganda, may nagawa na di sinasadya. Tapos kausapin ang teacher at tapos hikayatin sila na dalawin ang pamilya ng batang bully, she said. Oliveros said the bullies usually have problems at home like parents who are absent all the time. Insecure sila. Kulang sa atensiyon. Minsan nam-bubully pag walang pumapansin sa kanila, said Oliveros. Social factors also contributed in bullying, In two studies, McKown and colleagues had a total of 284 children, ages 4 to 16 years old, watch movie clips and look at photos before judging the emotions of the actors based on their facial expressions, tones of voice and body postures. Various social situations were also described and the children were questioned about appropriate responses. The results were then compared to parent/teacher accounts of the participants friendships and social behavior. Kids who had social problems also had problems in at least one of three different areas of nonverbal communication: reading nonverbal cues; understanding their social meaning; and coming up with options for resolving a social conflict. A child, for example, simply may not notice a persons scowl of impatience or understand what a tapped foot means. Or she may have trouble reconciling the desires of a friend with her own. It is important to try to pinpoint the area or areas in a childs defici ts and then build those up, McKown explained. When bullying continues and a school does not take action, the entire school climate can be affected. The environment can become one of fear and disrespect, hampering the ability of students to learn. Students may feel insecure and tend not to like school very well. When students don’t see the adults at school acting to prevent or intervene in bullying situations, they may feel that teachers and other school staff have little control over the students and don’t care what happens to them. The effects of bullying are so devastating and profound that over the last few years at least 37 state laws against bullying have been adopted. There have also been civil suits brought against schools and school systems over bullying incidents, some with damages in the millions of dollars. It is important to realize that, like sexual harassment and racial discrimination, some forms of bullying are illegal actions. Bullying is a serious issue that will impact the school experience of all children involved. This is why it must be taken seriously and effective measures to prevent it must b e put in place. Van der Kolk, McFarlane, and Weisaeth (2007) state, â€Å"Trauma in childhood can disrupt normal developmental processes. Because of their dependence on their caregivers, their incomplete biological development, and their immature concepts of themselves and their surroundings, children have unique patterns of reaction and needs for intervention.† Many of the children who are affected by traumatic stressors such as bullying can have their developmental processes and parts of their brains affected by the traumatic events (Ziegler, 2002). Many psychologist said that bullying is related to the person’s view of him/her self according to Tammy Wilgenbusch, a clinical psychologist with University of Iowa Childrens Hospital, said that at this age, children are developing their personalities and independence so they may be more likely to take their insecurities out on or try to wield power over others. By later adolescence, they have a better sense of self and are less likely to take insecurities out on others, Wilgenbusch said in a statement. Bullying is a negative or aggressive act that is systematic and ongoing that can be instigated by one person or a group of individuals, Wilgenbusch explained. Meanwhile if bullying can cause a stress and anxiety, it has a lot of tendency lead to suicide attempts. The statistics on bullying and suicide are alarming, suicide is the third leading cause of death among young people, resulting in about 4,400 deaths per year, according to the CDC. For every suicide among young people, there are at least 100 suicide attempts. Over 14 percent of high school students have considered suicide, and almost 7 percent have attempted it. Bully victims are between 2 to 9 times more likely to consider suicide than non-victims, according to studies by Yale University. According to statistics reported by ABC News, nearly 30 percent of students are either bullies or victims of bullying, and 160,000 kids stay home from school every day because of fear of bullying. The correct definition to this question is bullycide is suicide caused from the results of bullying. Children and teens who are bullied live in a constant state of fear and confusion in their lives. Many feel the only way to escape the rumors, insults, verbal abuse and terror is to take their own life. Bullycide is clearly a serious issue. Bullying has been a major topic since last year in mainstream media news and has become a problem everyone is taking awareness on — more than ever these days. Kids and teenagers are scared to talk about the issue they are facing. It even happens with high school students, where according to U.S. News studies done by the National Center for Education Statistics states that, only a quarter of high school students speak out on being bullied. There are various things that a parent or teacher can do to teach their children and their students about the effects of bullying. Information on the facilities and action that can be taken to educate the young can be found in the Scholastic article, â€Å"Bullying and Teasing: No Laughing Matter† that explains the issue to parents. From my own personal experience with bullying for nine years, victims are set to believe students/kids become bullies because of their insecurity and issues at home, which they cast on the victims; which usually turn out to be the school â€Å"underdogs.† From my own experience, I noticed that when victims, such as myself, approach a counselor or someone else for help in school, we hear the bullies are trying to take their own rage and aggression due to insecurity or personal problems at home out on the victims. Serious action and consequences however are not being taken by counselors, and/or deans until the situation of bullying goes to the extreme, forcing the school in jeopardy of getting a bad reputation for bullying. Even though the idea that, bullying is wrong can be taught through anti – bullying organizations, and advocates against bullying, we also have to realize there are problems that the perpetrator is facing and needs help with. Therefore, while helping the victim, the perpetrator should also be helped. With so much awareness on bullying by mainstream media news, there have been various organizations that have made it their mission to put an end to bullying. A couple of years ago, anti-bullying organizations, including STOMP OUT Bullying and Champions Against Bullying took a stand to bring awareness to this problem. However, the effects of bullying, like Ty’s case, has brought more awareness to this problem which is making organizations come together to teach the youth on why bullying is wrong. Therefore, and organization made up of 52 other organizations was created in April 2011 called â€Å"Be a STAR Alliance. Be a STAR Alliance was founded by the Creative Coalition and World Wresting Entertainment (WWE) to educate children on bullying. Even though some might take what WWE is doing as promoting bullying when they are doing their wrestling shows, they strongly continue to advertise what they do is being done in a safe environment by trained professionals and should not be done at home, school or anywhere else. Ironically, the WWE is promoting bullying through wrestling but they are doing this to entertain fans through wrestling not to promote bullying. As a victim of bullying, I have joined the Be a STAR Alliance organization and its partners to bring awareness on bullying as well as to end it. Be a STAR Alliance has a pledge they encourage members and others to take to put an end to bullying through their Public Service Announcements (PSA). The way to put an end to bullying is to educate young students who will form the next generation. If they get educated to not be a bully from their youth, then they will know how to show tolerance and respect to their friends, peers, and anyone they meet in their lifetime. That is exactly what the goal of the alliance is. Be a STAR stands for Show Tolerance and Respect; hence STAR is capitalized due to the value of the letters for this organization. At the same time, there are steps and help for both victims and perpetrators that need to be strictly enforced in a school environment. With bullying on the rise, more student, parents, and educators are encouraged to take a stand by organizations like Be a STAR alliance to put an end to bullying. Hopefully, with more people and organizations standing up to stop bullying, everyone can put their foot down to end this problem once and for all so the effects of bullying stops short of death or suicide for children, as in Ty Smalley’s case. Bullying behaviour is seen all over the world and almost in all sections of society. It might start at an age as early as preschool and might intensify in the transitional teenager years. There can be various reasons behind this kind of aggressive behaviour. Often the victim is shy and introvert and weak in built as compared to bully. On the other hand, bullying is a behaviour which does not necessarily demand a great built. A bully tries to attract the attention of others in a negative manner. It can be correlated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Similarly children coming from aggressive or disturbed family background showcase the bullying behaviour. Sometimes bullies just gives around what they have been through as retaliation. The affected child is most of the times submissive and docile in nature. It is extremely hard to identify if the child is facing bullying at school or community. Generally the affected children don’t talk with their parents about the incidences. They are either too scared or feel embarrassed to admit such behaviour happening to them. But parents might notice a quite withdrawal of the children from daily situations. The kid may repeatedly complain of false aches and avoid going school. Frequent crying or getting upset often over trivial matters is also sign of bullying. Any kind of unexplained bruises or abnormal behaviour of the children must be checked and investigated thoroughly. On identifying the problem the foremost thing is to build confidence in the child. It is important to make him understand that he is listened to and his feelings are respected. Pay attention to each and every detail the child narrates. Sometimes it is hard to identify the gravity of the situation and any loose thread may lead to serious consequences. School authorities, or teachers, or counsellors at school may be approached regarding the matter. If necessary, parents of the bully can also be approached but it is always advisable to do so in front of counsellors only. Bullying is a serious matter and should be strongly dealt with. Even if the child has not yet faced any such situation it is important to explain him such prevalent behaviours in the society and ways to tackle it. If left unattended, this childhood problem can have serious effects on the personality of the child throughout his life. Recent shootings at various schools in US are thought to be an expression of physical bullying only. This is enough to explain the gravity of the situation and early remedial measures should be taken. Bullying is a serious problem that can dramatically affect the ability of students to progress academically and socially. A comprehensive intervention plan that involves all students, parents, and school staff is required to ensure that all students can learn in a safe and fear-free environment. â€Å"When people hurt you over and over, think of them like sand paper. They may scratch and hurt you a bit, but in the end, you end up polished and they end up useless.† ― Chris Colfer

Tibet on the Verge of Annihilation :: Economy Government Papers

Tibet on the Verge of Annihilation China’s foreign policy towards Tibet must be changed if the Tibetan people are to live happily. Since the early 1950s China has taken over and occupied Tibet. At first China made it seem as if they were just trying to modernize Tibet, and help it assimilate into society, but in fact, all China wanted to do was to take control over Tibet, and its people while exploiting the land for its natural resources. China’s original agreement was to not interfere with the Tibetan’s religion, and their general way of life, but slowly, similar to the way the Nazis took control of the Jewish population in Europe, China began implementing laws and making rules which went against their original agreements. People tried to protest peacefully at first, until they were stopped violently. People were arrested, tortured, and killed. Eventually chaos broke out, and martial law was established in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. The Chinese have been accused of genocide against the Tibe tan people and their culture. Tibet’s early history is one that is centered on isolationism mainly because they feared the Western world would corrupt their Buddhist way of life. Starting in the early twentieth century, only three non-Tibetans entered Tibet; they were Younghusband in 1904 and Heinrich Harrer and Peter Aufschnaiter in the mid 1940’s. Younghusband was the leader of a British expedition that entered Tibet from India. The British wanted to gain some control over Tibet for fear that Russia would gain an influence their by helping China, thereby, setting its sights on India, Britain’s crown jewel. Britain wanted to start negotiations with Tibet to begin trading there. They sent the Dalai Lama a series of letters which were later sent back to the British unopened. The Chinese would have been displeased with Tibet if they were to correspond with the British. The viceroy in India convinced Britain to send an â€Å"expedition† to Tibet. This expedition, which was led by Youn ghusband was to enter Tibet and start negotiations. Tibet refused to allow this expedition to continue, therefore the British sent troops and ordered the expedition deeper into Tibet to force communications. Battles between British forces and the Tibetan army ensued, but the Tibetan armies were soon crushed. The expedition entered and took over Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. China wanted the thirteenth Dalai Lama to negotiate with the British while all this was going on, but when the British got close to Lhasa, he escaped to Mongolia in hopes of getting the support of the Russians. Tibet on the Verge of Annihilation :: Economy Government Papers Tibet on the Verge of Annihilation China’s foreign policy towards Tibet must be changed if the Tibetan people are to live happily. Since the early 1950s China has taken over and occupied Tibet. At first China made it seem as if they were just trying to modernize Tibet, and help it assimilate into society, but in fact, all China wanted to do was to take control over Tibet, and its people while exploiting the land for its natural resources. China’s original agreement was to not interfere with the Tibetan’s religion, and their general way of life, but slowly, similar to the way the Nazis took control of the Jewish population in Europe, China began implementing laws and making rules which went against their original agreements. People tried to protest peacefully at first, until they were stopped violently. People were arrested, tortured, and killed. Eventually chaos broke out, and martial law was established in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. The Chinese have been accused of genocide against the Tibe tan people and their culture. Tibet’s early history is one that is centered on isolationism mainly because they feared the Western world would corrupt their Buddhist way of life. Starting in the early twentieth century, only three non-Tibetans entered Tibet; they were Younghusband in 1904 and Heinrich Harrer and Peter Aufschnaiter in the mid 1940’s. Younghusband was the leader of a British expedition that entered Tibet from India. The British wanted to gain some control over Tibet for fear that Russia would gain an influence their by helping China, thereby, setting its sights on India, Britain’s crown jewel. Britain wanted to start negotiations with Tibet to begin trading there. They sent the Dalai Lama a series of letters which were later sent back to the British unopened. The Chinese would have been displeased with Tibet if they were to correspond with the British. The viceroy in India convinced Britain to send an â€Å"expedition† to Tibet. This expedition, which was led by Youn ghusband was to enter Tibet and start negotiations. Tibet refused to allow this expedition to continue, therefore the British sent troops and ordered the expedition deeper into Tibet to force communications. Battles between British forces and the Tibetan army ensued, but the Tibetan armies were soon crushed. The expedition entered and took over Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. China wanted the thirteenth Dalai Lama to negotiate with the British while all this was going on, but when the British got close to Lhasa, he escaped to Mongolia in hopes of getting the support of the Russians.

Julius Caesar :: essays research papers fc

Julius Caesar   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Themes play an integral role in the play Julius Caesar. The actions and the way that the characters express themselves define the themes in the play. The play is not comprised of one or two themes, but rather made up of an innumerable amount of them. A major theme in the play is fate. Fate is found from the smallest instance such as a dream to the prediction from a soothsayer. Another theme that is prevalent in the play is betrayal. Julius Caesar is betrayed along with many other people. Love is another theme that appears many times throughout the play. The love that is demonstrated in this play ranges from love between a husband and wife to the love for a country. Trust is another common theme in this play. Many characters in this play have trust in each other. They trust each other with their lives resulting in the death of many people. Loyalty is the final theme that is evident in this play. There are people who are loyal, and then there are people who are not loyal. The actions that these different characters make create a multitude of themes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theme that stands out the most in this play is fate. There is no doubt that there is divine intervention in this play. The destiny of many of the characters in this play have been prearranged because there are so many predictions or visions of the future that actually come true. For example, the soothsayer predicted that Julius Caesar was going to die on the Ides of March. (I. ii ll. 11-20) He did not make this prediction after he heard that Caesar was going to be assassinated, or the night before when everyone knew that he was going to die. He made this prediction many months in advance. The soothsayer knew that Caesar was going to die, because it was Caesar’s fate to die on the Ides of March. It has been predetermined that it was Caesar’s time to go on the Ides of March. Another instance of fate relating to the death of Caesar was the night before he died. His wife had an awful dream predicting that her husband was going to die in the house of the Senate the next day. Although Calpurnia told her husband of this, he chose to ignore resulting in his assassination. This is a strong example of fate because frequently throughout time people see the future in dreams.

The Gambia

For my first location I will be investigating the Gambia. I have chosen the Gambia because it's not a very large country and there's plenty of information available for it. The Gambia is mainly a winter sun destination this means that most visitors go there when it's cold here but hot there in the months of November to February. It's a long haul destination with a 6-hour flight and is Africa's smallest country only 30miles wide and 300miles long and is known as the ‘smiling cost'. The Gambia is very popular because it's a bird watchers paradise with tropical birds never seen before and also because everyone speaks English also it has famous museums to learn more about the slave trade like ‘Roots'. Majority of the population is Muslim. Development of tourism in the Gambia The Tourism in Gambia started some 40 yrs ago, when Gambia got its independence from British rule in 1965 and has increased every year from than. The development of hotels has had a definite increase with statistics recording around 660 tourist in 1965, than a very big increase from 1975 with over 25, 000 and the latest records show an even larger increase with 112,986 tourists in 1998/99. This is a very large number of tourists considering that the population is only 1,367,124 (approx). The main increase is due to the all inclusive hotels were guest pay one price up front for all their food, drink and entertainment in the hotel. The all inclusive hotels have been a problem because tourist do not bother to leave the hotel and see the natural beauty and meet the local people which means they do not benefit from the tourist because they cant sell the souvenirs or other things and the tourist miss out because they do not get to explore the beauty of the country and try local cuisines which also means that local restaurants loose out. Another problem is that not all of the money stays in the country because usually the hotels are foreign owned and the money reaches the mother company and this is when leakages occur. There are a few advantages due to the hotels which are that many local people get jobs in the hotels which means less unemployment and also the contribute to the local economy due to government taxes. The government did try to close the all inclusive hotels down because of all the problems they were causing but because of this tourist stopped coming all together so they had to bring them back again. The impacts of tourism on the physical environment Tourism in the Gambia has had both positive and negative impacts. The infrastructure of the country has a big part in the environment, the negative sides of the infrastructure are that building work such as hotels and restaurants mean that large amounts of land has to be cleared to make room for all the facilities which mean that the natural rainforest have to be cut down which also may mean the loss of habitat. There is a great deal of soil erosion and footpath erosion on frequently visited destinations, which in the future could cause problems. The positive sides are that with the new hotels and restaurants for the tourist they need to make basic things like clean running water, electricity and a sewage system, which will also benefit the local people. Another advantage is that greater awareness on the interests in the landscape and vegetation is being taken, also there is a greater need for preservation of ancient monument. The impact of tourism on the local community Majority of the Gambia is Muslim who have very strict food, drink and dress regulations. Tourist especially from European countries who know little about the belief may behave in an inappropriate manner while visiting there. Women lay topless on the beaches and men walk around half naked around the market area, this causes conflict between the tourist and local people because the locals were bought up to learn that those things are wrong. An example is if tourist walk around holding hands it would upset the local community because they think that there children mite start to think its okay to do this. Because of the tourist the crime rate usually goes up because of tourist getting drunk causing disturbance, women getting raped and more drug related crimes go up and this could also mean that the local people think this is the correct way to behave, this is known as the demonstration affect this causes great conflict between generations because the new generation may think that there religion is old and out of date and change their traditional morals and general behaviour. Also traditional ways of cooking will be changed because most tourist want fast food so local restaurants will have to change there ways of cooking and also music and arts will be changed because of foreigners wanting TV's and radio's. English words will replace the local language. All this means that the local communities will loose there traditional way of life and will have to change to survive. It can also be argued that all of these problems are not all due to the impacts of tourism because in the modern world you have TV were the local's can see the lifestyle of foreigners and will try to copy it, reading magazines and also because of the people travelling to other countries all adds up to the changes.

ASB †Antisocial Behaviour

ASB – Antisocial Behaviour Free Online Research Papers How effective are ASBO’s in preventing anti – social behaviour amongst the youth in today’s society? Introduction This project will focus upon the issues of anti-social behaviour looking at whether they have been successful, what effect Anti – Social Behaviour Orders have had on the community and examines if there is enough happening to deter the youth culture from anti – social and criminal behaviour towards society. ASBO’s were introduced under section one of the government’s Crime and Disorder Act 1998 and it came into force on April 1st 1999. However, since they were introduced there has been a lot of controversy in whether ASBO’s have actually been effective in deterring and punishing criminal behaviour. The project will go on to discuss the kind of problems anti-social behaviour causes on the streets today. It defines dispersal orders that only the police or the police community support officers can issue towards groups, what the consequences would be if they disobeyed the law before looking at a number of options that will be there to hand out depending on the circumstances and the crime. This could range from acceptable behaviour agreements (ABA) and acceptable behaviour contracts (ABC) to fixed penalty notices (FPN) and Penalty notice for disorder (PND) as ASBO’s are usually only handed out as a last resort. What agencies are now enforcing against ASB, what possession orders are? In addition, how the role of parents could make a difference if produced with parenting orders to underage minors. Aims The aim of this project is to investigate the background of ASBO’s and looking at whether they do actually work in stopping anti – social behaviour amongst the youth culture in today’s society. Hypothesis The hypothesis is that ASBO’s are not beneficial within society. Discussion of issues Whenever there are complaints or bad behaviour then theses are the first steps in trying to deter the youths from delinquency. Dispersal Orders Police and Police Community Support Officers (PCSO/s) can disperse people or groups from places where they appear to be behaving anti – socially, the removal period is for 24 hours but if they refuse to disperse then the officer can give them an order lasting for six months. If anyone is under the age of sixteen, the police or PCSO’s are legally obligated to take them to their place of residence (www.connexions-direct.com) however if there then becomes trouble the PCSO’s can subsequently hand out ABC/s or ABA/s. Acceptable Behaviour Contracts and Acceptable Behaviour Agreement An Anti – social behaviour contract (ABC) is a written voluntary agreement between the perpetrator and their local authority, ABC’s are intended to get the individual to acknowledge and accept their anti – social behaviour and the effect it has on society. The ABC contract outlines what the individual agrees not to do and what the penalty of their consequence will be if they do breach their contract. ABC’s and ABA’s can be used within the same age groups as ASBO’s, if they have to be used on children aged under ten then parent intervention may need to come into force like parenting orders and are useful in stopping low levels of ASB. They are informal as well as flexible therefore they are not legally binding and as a result, they can be issued for all types of ASB nevertheless, they would be used in court as evidence against an eviction or possession proceedings. (www.connexions-direct.com) Fixed Penalty Notices and Penalty Notice for Disorder Fixed penalty notices and penalty disorders are a one – off penalty issued to people who commit anti – social behaviour. FPN are generally dealt with environmental offences like noise, graffiti, dog fouling, and litter. FPN however comes with a standard fine, which can vary, towards  £40  £80 depending upon the offence, they can be issued by PCSO’s, and local council officers as well as certain other accredited people. They can be issued to any persons over ten years old. Penalty notices for disorder are issued for more serious crimes like misuse of fireworks or being drunk and disorderly PCSO’s and police can also issue these notices. However, Firth (2009) stated that this type of order would be given out to anybody who is sixteen or over and the fine depends on the severity of the crime. Having looked at the options that seriously considered before ASBO’s are issued, this project will now move on to discuss ASBO’s. Antisocial Behaviour Order The ASBO become about due to the growing behavioural problems in today’s youth culture, the official name is anti – social behaviour order. ASBO’s was initially designed to prevent these negative activities and stop specific anti – social behaviours. ASB covers a wide spectrum of problems and offences ranging from street drinking, drunken behaviour, dropping litter, loud music, verbal abuse even hanging around on street corners (Hale 2005). ASBO’s also covers the more serious matters such as hate crime that consists of racist or homophobic abuse, the key determinant in deciding whether particular behaviour is anti-social or not should be the impact of the behaviour towards others. (www.communities.gov.uk) ASBO’s are compared to the broken window theory outlined by Wilson and Kelling (1982) whereby they claim that if a broken window is left unrepaired then it leaves the building looking uncared for which then attracts the vandals. The theory suggests that in preventing crime it would be ideal to accomplish that with steps like keeping buildings in good repair, painting over graffiti and maintaining clean streets as well as responding effectively to petty street crime. (www.sociology.com) ASBO’s are a civil order that can only be issued through the courts, this order is strictly made against a person or person’s that have either participated or initiated in anti-social behaviour by causing or likely to cause harassment, intimidation, alarm, distress towards one or more people within the wider community, but not that of the same household (www.crimereduction.homeoffice.gov.org) The bar charts below show the number of ASBO’s in Cheshire, Merseyside, Greater Manchester and Greater London. (crimereduction.homeoffice.gov.uk) Number of anti – social behaviour orders issued to persons aged 10 – 17 year olds at court between April 99 to Dec 2007 The diagram below shows the percentage of children who actually obtain ASBO’s and the percentage that decide to go a different route. (crimereduction.homeoffice.gov.uk) Number of anti – social behaviour orders issued to persons aged 18+ at court between April 99 to Dec 2007 The charts are showing that, in the bigger cities of London and Manchester more ASBO’s where issued between 2003 – 2007 than in Cheshire and Merseyside. Anti – social behaviour is organised into three categories’ street scene, nuisance neighbours, and environmental crime. Street Scene The category of street scene ranges from Begging Anti social drinking Street prostitution Kerb crawling Marketing of drugs within the streets. (www.homeoffice.gov.uk) Nuisance Neighbour The category of nuisance neighbours Intimidation and harassment Noise Rowdy and nuisance behaviour Hoax calls Animal related problems Vehicle related nuisance (www.homeoffice.gov.uk) Over the years, there has been incredible support in helping to combat nuisance neighbours whereas a family would have a possession order issued upon them. They are orders issued by governed bodies that include local housing authorities, registered housing associations, housing co-operatives and Housing Action Trusts. Private landlords have a wide range of powers to help deal with anti-social behaviour that takes place in or is related to the homes they supply. The Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003 enabled landlords to take immediate action in dealing with anti-social behaviour and protect the community by widening and strengthening housing injunctions. (www.communities.gov.uk) Environmental Crime The category of environmental crime Criminal damage / Vandalism Graffiti and fly posting Fly tipping Litter and waste Nuisance vehicles Drugs paraphernalia Firework misuse (www.homeoffice.gov.uk) This demonstrates that people can easily obtain an ASBO if they defy the law and become a nuisance against society. Advantages of ASBO’s In 2004 an unhinged youth was issued an ASBO that was due to run out in 2009, he was told that he could face up to five years in prison if he breached his restriction. However, it was reported that he was the very first person to ever have an ASBO revoked not only did he turn his life around, but the courts decided to lift the order and he got himself a job working as a mentor for other troubled teenagers. His ambition in life is to join the army or become a youth worker so it goes to prove that if you really want to turn your life around this demonstrates its possible, especially now with so much help available. (www.dailymail.co.uk) ASBO’s are meant to stop the perpetrator from going back to the places where they originally caused the trouble but it can sometimes be impossible if they work or go to school in that particular area. Therefore, there will be limits to what they can do at the times they will be there (www.responsiblecitizen.co.uk). Costs of ASBO’s In 2002 the reported cost of obtaining an ASBO averaged  £4,000 to  £5,000, whereas new studies has shown that the costs of ASBO’s have significantly reduced to costing  £2,500 including estimations of staff and legal expenses. Whenever an ASBO is breached or appealed the average cost then rises to a staggering  £5,350, but overall the police still think ASBO’s are cost effective compared to prison whereas not taking action against persistent anti – social behaviour has to have the highest cost of all. (www.asb.homeoffice.gov) Disadvantages of ASBO’s There has been a lot of criticism aimed towards ASBO’s and their effectiveness as many of those engrossed in the ASBO culture merely see it as a self fulfilling prophecy and consider ASBO’s as a badge of honour. This is however, a serious red flag area whereby some delinquents deliberately go out to accumulate ASBO’s in order to acquire street credibility, and by attainment it is purely seen as proof of standing within their peer groups (www.libdemvoice.org) The youth culture who see ASBO’s as a badge of honour may not however be too concerned by the stigma of gaining an ASBO and would therefore not care enough for the law in breaking their terms and conditions. However, if they do break their conditions they could be looking at up to two years in prison, everyone over the age of ten can and will be given an ASBO (www.responsiblecitizen.co.uk) Thugs who threaten violence and carry weapons are receiving ASBO’s and not handed harsher punishments like a prison sentence, carrying a knife or weapon constitutes at least five years in prison whereas giving them an ASBO is unacceptable. It is felt that ASBO’s are not reducing the levels of crime whereby stricter penalties and rehabilitation is what could be needed (www.thefreelibrary.com) Naming and shaming has been considered when handing out ASBO’s like they do with benefit fraud. However, naming the perpetrators presents the opportunities for their addresses to be exposed possibly leading to vigilante attacks, which would undoubtedly cause a lot more controversy throughout society and would only (www.caslon.com.au) After looking at the advantages and disadvantages of Asbo’s the project will now move on to looking at the agencies that are now tackling anti – social behaviour. Agencies tackling Anti – Social Behaviour There are lots of support from agencies that are working within partnership in trying to tackle and combat ASB effectively, they range from: Police and Community Support Officers Police Authority Probation Services Courts Crown Prosecution Services Fire and Rescue Services Health Services Street Wardens Youth Offending Teams Commercial Businesses Transport Providers These partnerships also include crime and disorder reduction partnerships, drug team actions and local strategic partnerships demonstrating that many authorities are determined to take a stand against ASB by doing whatever it takes to stop it from taking over the community in which they live and work in (www.asb.homeoffice.gov.uk). Apart from the above agencies, a parents’ role is to teach their children right from wrong and more importantly respect. However, this is evidently missing within dysfunctional families according to Squires and Stephen (2005). If the youth is under sixteen and breaks the law, then parenting orders could benefit the perpetrators’ from continuing to behave in an unacceptable manner. Parenting orders are imposed by the courts and they are given parenting contracts which enables interaction between themselves and certain support agencies that then sets out the standard of behaviour that is expected of the minor. The parents are required to attend courses, which may also include children attending school. They have to exercise control over their children’s offending behaviour by ensuring that they adhere to their curfew, however non-compliance of the above can lead to a  £1000 fine or any sentence that is available for a non – imprisonable offence. (www. direct.gov.uk) Conclusion In conclusion, the hypothesis was accepted. Findings show that not all ASBO’s that have been dispersed actually work in stopping a criminal act. Many of the youths act in an appalling manner just to obtain an ASBO for the reason that their friends have one, or they feel that their behaviour even if it is bad is the only thing that they have control over as they could be lacking something either from their home environment or within society itself. Anti–social behaviour can sometimes seem like a minor crime in the courtroom whereas graffiti, vandalism and harassment may seem trivial on a charge sheet, but behind those charges is a community living in fear besieged by reckless out of control minority of thugs. It is very intolerable that people are having to endure this type and level of ASB day in and day out feeling plagued in their own homes and not being able to go out and enjoy the public space within their community (Squires Stephen 2005). It costs around  £36,000 to lock somebody up for a year and prisons are already overcrowded (www.guardian.co.uk) so consequently if the government concentrated more on building and providing more centres were youths could entertain themselves within a controlled environment then many of the offenders would not go off the rails. Hale (2005) claimed that the majority of problems stemmed from boredom and if that could be combated then the chances are it could cause a decline towards Anti-social behaviour overall. Research Papers on ASB - Antisocial BehaviourCapital PunishmentThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThree Concepts of PsychodynamicRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanQuebec and CanadaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

The Ginko Tree (Ginko Bilboa) essays

The Ginko Tree (Ginko Bilboa) essays The Ginko Tree (Ginko Biloba) is indigenous to Korea, China and Japan can be found all over the world. Ginko can grow over 40 meters high and for over a thousand years. There have been fossils dated back as far as 250 million years ago. The herb is the extract from the fan shaped leaves. Some call it the most popular herbal medicine in the world, aimed at "augmenting cognitive functions" such as memory, learning, alertness and mood. Germany uses it officially to treat dimensia. The US National Institute on Aging are testing its effects on alzhiemers. Most information about effects are based on folklore. The US FDA doesn't regulate herbal treatments and the manufacturers are not required to test for safety. The typical daily dose of Ginko is 120 Mg in two or three tablets. The extract contains several flavonoids, a group of natural plant products that have specific chemical structure of carbon rings. Ginko also has bioflavonoids and two different types of terpenes, naturally occurring chemicals that are also found in catnip and marijuana. There have been many tests without solid, conclusive results. Results that showed slight improvement with alzheimers patients used EGb 761. Most tests, test memory and learning, rather than attention motivation and anxiety. Because most studies have faults this article focused on the most rigorous ones. In 1998 Barry S. Oken of Oregon Health Sciences U. took 50 studies then narrowed them down to 4 with specific criteria, i.e. they had alzheimers, standard Ginko was taken, and a double blind placebo controlled test. This is where neither the tester nor the subject know whether the placebo or ginko was taken. The people that took the Ginko ended up doing 10-20% better than the placebo eaters. Another large test in Germany showed less beneficial results for Ginko. Other tests in England have shown that Ginko has helped a little with short-term memory. A critical question has yet to be answere...

New Music essays

New Music essays The music industry ripping off the kids! There was a time when music had integrity. Back when the gangsters and racketeers ruled the music business, the music had a real sense of integrity to it. That was back when gangsters knew of "this hot new band/artist" they had noticed in their buddy's club. Then, if they owned their own club, they book that band for gigs. Or maybe a relative of theirs was in a band, and that band had street credibility; all they needed was a break. The bands took pride in making a full album, a collection of songs reflecting their current state of affairs. Back then the people who ran the record companies were music fans. In the last ten years, however, a disturbing trend has taken over. While all of the rockers were out entertaining the people, all of the scholars were off getting their business degrees. This led to a massive take-over. When the scholars finished their schooling, some of them used their business degrees to get into the music business. They became record label executives, and as a result, they viewed the record label as more of a bank then an entertainment industry. Of course, every label gets in the game to make money, but the simple fact is that music fans will buy whatever they are told to buy, for the most part. Gone are the days of bands having to prove themselves on the club scene, building their live performance and song repertoire. The music business is now a fast-food industry - 15 minutes of flash, here today gone tomorrow artists. The ones who suffer are the kids, but the target demographic that the labels go after are none the wiser. An at-home, online, record store that allows the fans to pick and choose their music. Technology has taken the music world by the throat, and there's no better tool to promote music than the Internet. An online record store would put the power in the people's hands, instead of putting the people into handcuffs. The first thing you would ...

Prevention Strategy Before the Commencement of John's Chemotherapy Essay

Prevention Strategy Before the Commencement of John's Chemotherapy - Essay Example Prevention Strategy before the Commencement of John’s Chemotherapy The diagnosis and treatment of colorectal surgery requires adequate prior preparation. A well coordinated approach and agreement between the patient, nurses, surgeon, and radiation oncologist is exceptionally critical and necessary for a successful treatment. Prior to the surgery, the leading clinician ought to hold a thorough discussion with the colorectal cancer patient, the family and other health professionals to come to a consensus on the best treatment mechanism to employ in the treatment of the patient (Rankin 89). This open and interactive discussion with the key stakeholders will as well provide an avenue to examine the possible outcome of the treatment, the aim and the rationale of the surgery, likely positive and negative effect, the available treatment options, as well as possible psychological support to the family and the patient. In contemporary healthcare sector, practitioners have developed var ious strategies necessary in the commencement of any chemotherapy to prevent the occurrence of any side effect. In John’s case, the most effective strategy to prevent the prevailing side effects was the comprehensive use of primary prevention strategy (Epstein 1037). By using the primary prevention strategy, it was possible to reduce the risk of emergence sore and ulcers infections which was associated with cancer treatment. According to Epstein (1037), primary prevention strategy is relevant and effective during the pre-exposure period as well as in the initial and promotion stage of cancer treatment. This strategy was appropriate in preventing John from... The researcher of this essay states that once an individual has been diagnosed with colorectal cancer, it is of great significance that the extent of the disease be established. Once distant or regional metastases are identified, a combination of various therapies such as surgical are applied. The initial treatment intervention for the colorectal cancer is the removal of primary tumor through surgery. Approximately 20-30% of patients with colorectal cancer get diagnosed when the disease has already advanced. In such a situation, curative intervention is nearly impossible. As in the case study, John has undergone surgery. After surgery, he agrees to receive adjuvant chemotherapy which comprises of fluorouracil. After a few days, John returns for Chemotherapy third cycle. Patients undergoing such a treatment report various side effects such as temporary hair thinning or loss, dizziness and the resurfacing of painful sores inside the mouth lining and in some cases on the lips. With appr opriate interventions in place, the severity of the symptoms experienced by individuals suffering from colorectal cancer can be adequately managed as the disease advances. When the patient’s pain, distress or anxiety is well managed, there is improvement in their quality of life. Pain management plan is often developed once health care professionals assess pain. The main objective of pain management is to allow the patient to achieve maximum function and comfort. This should be accompanied with minimal analgesic therapy side effects.

Cender, Race, Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cender, Race, Health - Essay Example Q2: The author vehemently criticises the discriminative behaviour towards the minority groups and communities living in the contemporary American social set up and declares it strictly against the provisions of the statute of law and constitution as well. He submits the very fact that inappropriate health opportunities have drastically affected the health and life expectancy of the racial groups in minority, particularly the African Americans, who have been undergoing the hatred and antipathy of the white majority since the colonial era of nineteenth century, which has eclipsed the overall health statistics of the US population. Q3: The chapter under-study wide opened new horizons of information regarding the social norms, mores, values and traditions existing in the US culture. The level of hatred in the minds of the white Americans against the African Americans is really surprising. It is really astonishing to note that the country that pretends to be the torchbearer of human rights, maintains such humiliating and nefarious cultural traits in it. Health of the individuals is of especial concern particularly in the advanced and civilized countries of western world, but the prejudiced behaviour against the African Americans and non-Hispanic whites serves as black mark on the very face of the USA. Anyway, many things like social stratification and class conflict, described by the author with reference to the American society, is not very much surprising. Q4: The issues raised by the author in the article contain reality in them. I personally experienced the circumstances, when the black community had to tolerate so many unpleasant events while interaction with their environment consisted of white-skinned majority, yet they never gave up struggle for winning equal status, identical with the any stratum or racial group of US society. I have witnessed the wonderful command of the black

Paper Tigers by Wesley Yang Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Paper Tigers by Wesley Yang - Essay Example Yang speaks mostly about men, and Pozner examines stereotypes about women. From the analysis and comparison of the arguments of the two articles, it follows that racial stereotypes operate in different ways for men and women. Overall, the essay will analyze racial stereotypes created in corporate America (based on Yang’s work), racial stereotypes on the media (based on Pozner’s piece) and compare the ways racial stereotypes operate for men and women (through the analysis of the two articles). As it has been mentioned above, in his essay, Wesley Yang addresses stereotyping of Asian American males at the workplace, in corporate America in particular. Specifically, Yang discusses the notion, which is referred today as the Bamboo Ceiling defined as â€Å"an invisible barrier that maintains a pyramidal racial structure throughout corporate America, with lots of Asians at junior levels, quite a few in middle management, and virtually none in the higher reaches of leadershipà ¢â‚¬ . In other words, the author of this article claims that despite the fact that many of Asian Americans graduate from elite universities with higher grades than representative of other ethnic groups living in the United States, they are not perceived as suitable for holding leading positions in business. To prove this, Yang addresses the statistical data, in accordance to which Asian Americans, and Asian American men in particular, are in the minority when it comes to holding leading positions.

Distance Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Distance Education - Research Paper Example It is therefore a vital concept that serves the interest of the people of all categories, both full time and part time students, who may also be engaged in other aspects of life such as working, or even domestic responsibilities, thus they may not be able to attend to a classroom setting. The change in the social, economic and technological conditions have brought about the need for educational advancement, considering that the more the society advances in the technological, social and economic spheres, the higher the demand for educational attainment and advancement. Therefore, the concept â€Å"is emerging as an increasingly important component of higher education† (Bradford, 1999). It has opened an opportunity that can be exploited by those who have always had the desire to advance their education, but were limited by the traditional concept of attending classrooms. This opportunity is even more crucial to the disabled people, who are well served through Distance Education, as opposed to attending physical classrooms, which proves a great challenge for them (Barnard-Brak, Paton, & Sulak, n.d.). Additionally, Distance Education has made it possible for â€Å"Adults who work full time, family people, and people from remote countries all over the world† to access education, while they â€Å"would otherwise never even dream of it† (Bozorgmanesh, 2011). Despite all these benefits as provided by Distance Education, there are numerous challenges that are associated with this modern concept. Therefore, this discussion seeks to critically assess the concept of Distance Education, with a focus on advancing the argument that Distance Education is not an effective mode of Education acquisition. Discussion First, the mode of offering instructions highly determines how effective learning will be for students. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that technology, the means through which Distance Education is offered, can replace the instructional offering made by the teachers in a classroom setting. For example, the stakeholders and the teachers of Eagle County, CO, school district opposed â€Å"replacing face-to-face instructors with a digital option they argued would not be as rich or as meaningful† (Quillen, 2012). It is easier for teachers issuing direct instructions to the students, to assess whether students are clearly understanding the instructions given, since the absorption of instructions is not only assessable through the performance of a student in a test, but also through the observable behavior of such a student. While learning in a classroom setting offers an opportunity for the teacher to assess how well the students have internalized the instructions, the concept of Distance Education does not provide such a valuable opportunity, since the instructional offering through Distance Education is limited to online communications and conversations, which are not as effective and convenient as face-to-face instructi ons (Bradford, 1999). Distance Education could be beneficial due to its budget efficiency possibilities, where an institution can effectively reduce the number of staff and still reach the same number of students as would happen with a large number of teachers in a classroom setting (Mayadas, Bourne, & Bacsich, 2009). However, the issue is that the quality of the education obtained by the large number of studen

Information Security and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Information Security and Ethics - Essay Example Organizational strategies (policies, leadership, training, etc.) specification is one policy that would be required where each employee has his or her computer, to prevent spread of viruses when one is infected. Further, the organization should control the sites in the network and also external devices plugged into to the computer. This can be appropriately be described as type of software that support advertisements. It displays or downloads a banner that is not wanted by the user, within his or her software. The software is most of the time embedded with the software of interest by the manufacturer, with the intent of sinking the cost of development. With regard to protecting the organization system from adware, the organization should ensure that, only licensed and registered software is purchased. They should also install antivirus to attack the abrupt advertisements. Furthermore, it should within the planning of the organization, to trades with licensed software producing companies. It should also ensure that employees have clear instruction as to whom to consult in case of software installation in their computers. The impact of the threat is that it can either corrupt the data or steal the information stored by the user. Example is the computer virus which decodes or corrupts the system information of the computer, autorun   It is defined as a malicious set of instructions that executes actions within the machine without user’s legal authorization. The impacts of Trojan include data copying, modification, blocking, deleting or even disruption of network and computer performances.   Installation of firewall, security passwords, and data encryption should be done. The local connection within the organization should have identification, such that; only those people permitted to access, can gain entry in to the system. Another threat experienced by the organizations is hackers. These are unwarranted users of network or computer. Their impact to

Distance Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Distance Education - Research Paper Example It is therefore a vital concept that serves the interest of the people of all categories, both full time and part time students, who may also be engaged in other aspects of life such as working, or even domestic responsibilities, thus they may not be able to attend to a classroom setting. The change in the social, economic and technological conditions have brought about the need for educational advancement, considering that the more the society advances in the technological, social and economic spheres, the higher the demand for educational attainment and advancement. Therefore, the concept â€Å"is emerging as an increasingly important component of higher education† (Bradford, 1999). It has opened an opportunity that can be exploited by those who have always had the desire to advance their education, but were limited by the traditional concept of attending classrooms. This opportunity is even more crucial to the disabled people, who are well served through Distance Education, as opposed to attending physical classrooms, which proves a great challenge for them (Barnard-Brak, Paton, & Sulak, n.d.). Additionally, Distance Education has made it possible for â€Å"Adults who work full time, family people, and people from remote countries all over the world† to access education, while they â€Å"would otherwise never even dream of it† (Bozorgmanesh, 2011). Despite all these benefits as provided by Distance Education, there are numerous challenges that are associated with this modern concept. Therefore, this discussion seeks to critically assess the concept of Distance Education, with a focus on advancing the argument that Distance Education is not an effective mode of Education acquisition. Discussion First, the mode of offering instructions highly determines how effective learning will be for students. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that technology, the means through which Distance Education is offered, can replace the instructional offering made by the teachers in a classroom setting. For example, the stakeholders and the teachers of Eagle County, CO, school district opposed â€Å"replacing face-to-face instructors with a digital option they argued would not be as rich or as meaningful† (Quillen, 2012). It is easier for teachers issuing direct instructions to the students, to assess whether students are clearly understanding the instructions given, since the absorption of instructions is not only assessable through the performance of a student in a test, but also through the observable behavior of such a student. While learning in a classroom setting offers an opportunity for the teacher to assess how well the students have internalized the instructions, the concept of Distance Education does not provide such a valuable opportunity, since the instructional offering through Distance Education is limited to online communications and conversations, which are not as effective and convenient as face-to-face instructi ons (Bradford, 1999). Distance Education could be beneficial due to its budget efficiency possibilities, where an institution can effectively reduce the number of staff and still reach the same number of students as would happen with a large number of teachers in a classroom setting (Mayadas, Bourne, & Bacsich, 2009). However, the issue is that the quality of the education obtained by the large number of studen

Family Poll Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Description of a Personal Experience Essay Example for Free

Description of a Personal Experience Essay It happened on one Saturday evening. My mother and I went shopping to buy a gift for my father. After much thought my mother decided to buy a gold ring. We went to a goldsmith’s shop. The sales assistant showed us a lot of gold rings in various designs. My mother was enchanted by a ring with a sparkling diamond on it. As we were admiring the ring, four men wearing ski-mask rushed into the shop. They ordered all the people to stand up against the wall with their hands raised above their heads. The four robbers were armed with guns. They were dressed in black and wore gloves on both hands. One of the men placed a brief case on the counter and ordered one of the sales assistants to empty the trays of jewelleries into the briefcase. The sales assistant was shaking with fear, and quickly started to do what he was ordered to do. I noticed that the burglar alarm was not far from where I was standing. I slowly moved towards the alarm, and tried to reach it without being noticed. After much difficulty I managed to get close to the alarm. I cautiously lifted my right leg and pressed the button. The alarm started to ring loudly. The robbers panicked, they grabbed the briefcase and rushed to a waiting car and drove away. I rushed out of the shop to see the number of the car and quickly memorized the number of the getaway car. A few minutes later the police arrived. I told them the number of the robbers’ car. They immediately informed headquarters to put up road blocks. Before letting us go, they asked us some of the questions about the incident of robbery. Photographers also took photos of the scene of the robbery to be the evidence of the incident. Next day my father read in the newspapers that the robbers were caught and the stolen goods recovered. I felt very happy when heard this new from my father. This incident really an unforgettable experience for me and I thought that I will never forget about that shop. From this incident also, I realised that we should be alert and careful when we went outside as dangers was not predictable.

Analysis of the effects of recruitment

Analysis of the effects of recruitment This Report will analyse and reflect different aspect of recruiting, training, motivating and rewarding staff in Marks and Spencer. One of the Biggest challenge in any business is recruiting, motivating and retaining employees. This is also true for Marks and Spencers recruitment procedure. To analyse the recruiting, training, motivating and rewarding staff in Marks and Spencer the following points are discussed in this report. Method use by Marks and Spencer for Staff recruitment, training, motivation and reward system. Marks and Spencers strategic fit with its current HR practices in the design and delivery of its staff rewarding system. Identifying the current practice at Marks and Spencer regarding HRM strategy and theory. Cost implications for Marks and Spencers current HRM policies particularly in relation to recruitment, training, reward system and their impact on stakeholder. Recommendation for most appropriate and effective motivational and reward system strategy for Marks and Spencer. Suggested budget and evaluation method deploy the new and improved motivational and rewarding system at Marks and Spencer. Table of content Executive summary 1 Table of content 2 Information Gathering 3 Introduction 4 Marks and Spencers Organizational Background 5 Approach to Recruitment Planning 5 Recruitment and Selection Methods 6 Marks and Spencer Recruitment 6 Training and development 7 Reward and Performance Management 8 Discussion and Comment on Current HRM strategy and Practice 8 Cost Implication of current HRM policies 10 Recommendation and Budget suggestion 11 Conclusions 12 Appendix 13 Brief Background of Marks and Spencer 13 Structure 14 Culture 15 References 16 Information Gathering: To prepare this report several resources, tools, technique, and methods are used. Resources used in this report are from newspaper articles, reports, organizations accounts, charts, financial documents and many others. Primary information gathered from libraries as well as world wide web resources. The steps and methods used while gathering information to produce this report are: Interviews Analysing organizational charts Document overview Website surveys Research Documentation The primary document used to create this report is mainly the annual reports of Marks and Spencer. History and background of the company are gathered from world wide web and several other resources. Introduction: In this report I will be discussing Marks and Spencers general approach to employee recruitment procedure. In particular its approach to human resource planning, its recruitment and selection methods, and its rewards and performance management practices and how issues of employment diversity are managed. Firstly, I will be discussing the companys brief background, HRM strategy, culture and structure. Then I will discuss the Method use by Marks and Spencer for Staff recruitment, training, motivation and reward system, strategic fit with its current HR practices in the design and delivery of its staff rewarding system, Identifying the current practices regarding HRM strategy and theory, cost implications of current HRM policies particularly in relation to recruitment, training, reward system and their impact on stakeholder. Finally I will give some recommendation for most appropriate and effective motivational and reward system strategy and suggested budget and evaluation method deploy the new and improved motivational and rewarding system. Marks and Spencers Organizational Background: With over 120 years of strong heritage, Marks and Spencer is one of the best retailers in the United Kingdom. The organization has over 450 stores within the UK and have more than 65,000 people working for them in store and management. It also runs its business outside the United Kingdom border where it has a widespread business in places as far as Hong Kong. Now a days, the UKs retailing market has been identified by its super intense competitions. Customers are becoming more and more conscious of where and how they want to shop. They also understand what kind of shopping experience they like. This idea has made it much more difficult for retailers to survive. The end result of this was that M and S had to invent a new business plan and strategy which focused on the their business values, quality, and services. (www.thetimes100.co.uk) Approach to Recruitment Planning: Marks and Spencer use a systematic approach known as strategic planning to their human resource planning which determines its plan of action based upon the values, culture and mission of the company. It is important to Marks and Spencers employees as it helps them to understand the process of the strategic planning to see how their work objectives and individual responsibilities directly affect the companies mission. The systematic approach has six steps which are, to remember the mission, identify the opportunities and threats of the company, to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the company by evaluating employees skills, facilities and organisation structure, to forecast capabilities and opportunities by evaluating any upcoming changes before forecasting future opportunities, to develop goals and objectives and to implement the goals by evaluating the results and revising the plan as they move forward. Recruitment and Selection Methods: To match it business strategy, Marks and Spencer develops existing staff within the organisation. It also recruits managers at three different levels: Trainee managers with A-Levels undertake twenty-four months of training Graduates who join the organisation form university have twelve months of training Experienced managers who have retail experience undertake up to three months of training when they join Marks and Spencer to help them understand how Marks and Spencer operates. Marks and Spencer Recruitment: Internally by recruiting within the company which includes advertising media on notice boards either paper or electronic for example via their corporate intranet, in-house journals, memoranda to supervisors/managers soliciting recommendations and observation and word of mouth. Most of these methods they use incur little extra cost, being based on existing or easily accessible information about the candidates abilities, attitudes and so on. Externally by recruiting people from outside the organisation. Marks and Spencer use agencies for graduates of schools and training institutions such as job centres and career services. Employment agencies are another method of recruitment they use which provides temporary workers for one-off requirements and short-term cover. The Internet is a major external method used by Marks and Spencer, through online recruitment agencies. Marks and Spencers website enables people to apply online via their online application form. Marks and Spencers online application form is very convenient for a disabled person or an immigrant who would find it difficult to find work. This is because Marks and Spencer takes pride in creating jobs under the Equal Opportunities policy which makes the jobs available to everybody, whatever their ethnic origin, race, sex, age, etc. The Marks and Spencer personnel staff can use the information on the application form to create a short list of people to invite to th e interview. This form can be very useful once the candidates have been short listed too. Training and development: Once the new employee has been selected for the job, they will probably need an induction training in order to help them settle into the new job. This training at marks and Spencer goes with the basics of the employees task, as well as some background details for example the history of the business and number of employees and the range of different goods and services produced by the business. At Marks and Spencer training is not just for the new employees. Training courses at Marks and Spencer are targeted at all employees in the business at different stages in their career for example management training courses, training on how to use new machinery and technology. There are many reasons for the huge amount of training used for the employees in Marks and Spencer: To improve employee productivity. To create more efficient and flexible workforce. To increase job satisfaction and motivation of the employees. And training employees increases their chances of promotion as well. Reward and Performance Management: Marks and Spencer use reward management within their company through rewarding their employees for their efforts towards the company. Marks and Spencer has a benefits package to help attract and retain staff by the generosity of benefits offered and by facilitating career longevity and work-life balance. The benefits package includes everything from subsided healthcare and performance-related pay rewards to their employee discount. The benefits package encourages commitment to the companies own products and demonstrates corporate social responsibility by giving above statutory levels of sick pay, paternity leave, pension provisions, employee assistance and so on. Discussion and Comment on Current HRM strategy and Practice: Marks and Spencer use the theory of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, they ask their workers to rank their needs in order of importance using a points system and then analyse their current situation against the points system. Marks and Spencer through performance management carry out regular interviews with employees to assess them for further training or promotion. This is a major motivating factor for Marks and Spencer workers and the company need to be aware that this is a possible area for conflict and de-motivation. According to Maslow, Marks and Spencers workers are at the basic or safety needs level, the aim is to make more workers want to achieve a higher level of needs such as social or esteem needs. Marks and Spencer therefore train workers every now and then to keep these workers motivated. The personnel department find out which workers need more training by keeping track records on each employee, Marks and Spencer do this to increase their skills of the workforce in general bu t to increase the skills of the de-motivated employees more to increase motivation. Herzberg (1957) devised his motivation hygiene theory which stated that two groups of factors affect employee motivation. Herzberg said that certain elements in a job motivate people to do better; he called these elements, satisfiers. Herzberg suggested that satisfiers such as achievement and recognition motivate employees rather than hygiene factors such as pay and working conditions. Marks and Spencer agree with this and have introduced performance related pay within the last few years. Employees who work hard receive a higher wage than those who do not which encourages all employees to work as hard as possible in order to gain extra pay. They also use appraisals as a form of performance management to analyse which areas the employees need to be motivated on. In many companies, appraisal takes place once or twice a year but Marks and Spencer carry it out every three months, the more frequently appraisals are carried out, the better. Performance management allows Marks and Spencer t o ensure that all of their employees are properly trained as a properly trained employee will be more confident in their job and will be better motivated to perform more efficiently. Marks and Spencers selection is based purely on talent screening, they recruit suitable individuals regardless of their age. Individuals apply online and are screened initially on a number of killer questions such as, do you have a permit to work in the UK. Those that are successful at this stage are then screened using online talent screening, this test assesses their skills and experiences against that required for the role they are applying for. Those who pass this test are then invited for an interview. They analyse data from the online recruitment process to ensure that the use of the internet does not discriminate against any particular age group. The company runs training for recruiters about new legislations; the training is designed to ensure that those individuals who conduct selection interviews do not discriminate on the grounds of age. They also ensure that the chairs of assessor teams in assessment centres are well informed about the legislations. An examination of Mark s and Spencers criterion-based selection processes shows not only the use of criterion-based selection but also the use of online selections for initial screenings; this ensures that age is not a factor, as this screening is conducted electronically without reference to the candidates age. Those candidates who are selected for interview have therefore satisfied a number of criteria for the job without their age being known. The use of trained assessors and the provision of training on age for recruiters also minimises the likelihood of age being used as a factor in the selection process at interview or assessment centre stages. Cost Implication of current HRM policies: Marks and Spencer has a diverse range of employees committed to an active Equal Opportunities Policy. This covers their recruitment and selection procedures as well as its training and development, appraisal, promotion opportunities and retirement. They promote an environment free from discrimination, harassment and victimisation which they work hard to ensure everyone receives equal treatment. All the decisions they make relating to employment practices are objective, free from bias and based solely upon work criteria and individual merit. Not only are they responsive to the needs of their employees and customers but also take pride in the role they play in the community because of this they value diversity highly and it is important to them that they recognise and make full use of the wealth of talent they have within their organisation. Marks and Spencer places a lot of emphasis on developing initiatives and procedures that ensure equality for every member of the Marks and Spencer team. Marks and Spencer has a responsibility under UK domestic and European legislation to ensure the health, safety and welfare of all employees, customers and contractors on their premises. Managers have a responsibility to ensure that employees are aware of health and safety regulations and the requirement to report all accidents and dangerous occurrences to the appropriate person/department. Marks and Spencer operates a system that ensures workplace health and safety is safeguarded and they provide a range of occupational health services to their employees. Marks and Spencer abide by the legal framework on selection. The legal framework on selection states that application forms should not include questions which are not work-related (such as marital or domestic details) unless they are asked of all applicants. Marks and Spencers application form only asks questions based on what is needed for the job. Recommendation and Budget suggestion: Marks and Spencer deploys a systematic steps to their human resource planning known as strategic planning which set forth its plan of action based upon the values, culture and mission of the company. It is very important to Marks and Spencers employees as it helps determine them to understand the process of the strategic planning to see how their work objectives and individual responsibilities directly affect the companies mission. The systematic approach has six steps which are- To remember the mission, Identify the opportunities and threats of the company, To determine the strengths and weaknesses of the company by evaluating employees skills, Facilities and organisation structure, To forecast capabilities and opportunities by evaluating any upcoming changes before forecasting future opportunities, To develop goals and objectives and to implement the goals by evaluating the results and revising the plan as they move forward. Because of these Special HR planning approach used by Marks and Spencer, their recruiting, training and rewarding system is very highly effective. Thats why I think there is not much of recommendation left for Marks and Spencer to implement. The most effective approach they can take is to tweak the online recruitment methods and the advanced training facility upgrade. Because of their efficient HR planning and recruitment policy Marks and Spencer do not have to increase that much of their budget to recruit, train and motivate their human resources. So the even if they deploy new strategy for HR recruitment policy Marks and Spencer will be evaluate these thing within limited budget. Conclusion: In conclusion Marks and Spencers overall approach to employee resourcing is one that focuses on attracting and retaining the right people they need to be successful by offering employees competitive rewards and benefits and providing their employees with guidance and information about their values. Also focusing on attracting and retaining people from a culturally and socially diverse workforce that allows them to recruit the best people from a wide pool of talent, marks and Spencer also is concerned with ensuring that the health and safety of their employees and people are protected by well managed systems in all their places of work which all these concerns reflecting within their companies strategy. Appendix: Brief Background of Marks and Spencer: With over 120 years of strong heritage, Marks and Spencer is one of the best retailers in the United Kingdom. The organization has over 450 stores within the UK and have more than 65,000 people working for them in store and management. It also runs its business outside the United Kingdom border where it has a widespread business in places as far as Hong Kong. Now a days, the UKs retailing market has been identified by its super intense competitions. Customers are becoming more and more conscious of where and how they want to shop. They also understand what kind of shopping experience they like. This idea has made it much more difficult for retailers to survive. The end result of this was that M and S had to invent a new business plan and strategy which focused on the their business values, quality, and services. (www.thetimes100.co.uk) Marks and Spencer invented a promotional campaign that stated Your MS. This helped the organization to connect with the customer and the heritage of the organization. It also connected the business in the minds of buyers with 2 other values, trust and innovation. Their revamped and new business policy focuses on 3 main areas: Ensuring value for money products that consumers want. Development and Training brought new skill sets which help to add more value to its services and products, for example by reducing costs of products, this ensures Marks and Spencer to keep prices very low to really benefit the consumer. Improving the work environment within the organization, by having improved skills in sales and stock management means that staff can use the store to better advantage resulting in higher sales and profitability. Ensuring good customer experience, to look after customers if staff have improved communication skills, this can have a profound impact on customer experience. These simple changes have established a business environment with more challenges for MS Staffs. Managers had to prepare Staffs for whatever role they play in this new environment. The answer was to create new career paths for member of staff through training and development at Marks and Spencer to help staffs cope with the challenges they faced and build a career path for them. It is an important part of the Marks and Spencers business plan to attract, train, develop and retain a greater pool of talented individuals in all levels within the organization. The level of rewards and benefits they are able to offer is a key factor in successfully achieving this objective. The organization sets out to provide highly competitive salaries and benefits for all its employees consistent with its growth, strategy and increasingly international territories. Structure: Marks and Spencers has a flat organisational structure. The business lost a number of layers of authority through decentralizing which means that staff throughout the business have more responsibility. This enables them to make quick decisions and justifying actions that have been taken. (www.thetimes100.co.uk) The new structure led to a need in more training. In a flatter organisational structure, many employees have bigger jobs. There are higher expectations that staff can contribute more to its organisation. Marks and Spencer keeps its staff well-trained and able to respond to the businesses needs. There is also a need for succession management, when individuals either retire or move from one job to another Marks and Spencer management plans their replacements so that experienced staff with the right skills and competencies are selected. Culture: Marks and Spencer has a theory Z approach to its culture environment. The main aspect of a theory Z organisation is the test of collaboration between employees and managers. Businesses that successfully implement a theory Z approach to its culture find that employees have a sense of belonging and involvement. Views are shared across the organisation and from this shared norms and values emerge, which help the organisation to improve and move forward. (Ouchis theory Z culture)

W.B. Yeats Poetry Essay -- W.B. Yeats Poet Poem Essays

W.B. Yeats' Poetry Many literary critics have observed that over the course of W. B. Yeats’ poetic career, readers can perceive a distinct change in the style of his writing. Most notably, he appears to adopt a far more cynical tone in the poems he generated in the later half of his life than in his earlier pastoral works. This somewhat depressing trend is often attributed to the fact that he is simply becoming more conservative and pessimistic in his declining years, but in truth it represents a far more significant change in his life. Throughout Yeats’ career, the poet is constantly trying to determine exactly what inspires him; early on, in such poems as â€Å"The Lake Isle of Innisfree† and â€Å"The Wild Swans at Coole,† Yeats obviously looks towards nature to find his muse, thereby generating idyllic pastoral scenery that is reminiscent of the nature-based poetry of Wordsworth. However, his later works are darkened not by his own perspective, but by the fact that h e is no longer certain that nature is truly the fountain that he taps for inspiration. A number of his later poems, such as â€Å"Leda and the Swan† and â€Å"The Circus Animals’ Desertion,† employ symbolism and metaphor in order to reflect the author’s battle to find his true source. Yeats spends his career dealing with this conflict, and he eventually concludes that while nature itself may have been the source of the general ideas for many of his poems, the works themselves came to life only after he reached into the depths of his heart and sought the fuel of pure human emotions and experiences. Ultimately, he discovers that the only true inspiration comes from the trivial and mundane influences found in everyday life; the purest poetic inspiration is humanity itself. .. ...ho came before him. To accomplish this, he had to determine where to find inspiration beyond, and thereby stronger than, nature. He ultimately realizes that he was looking at this inspiration the entire time without actually seeing it. It does indeed lie â€Å"in the deep heart’s core,† where he finally discovers â€Å"the foul rag-and-bone shop of the heart.† Primary Sources M.H. Abrams et al, eds. The Norton Anthology of English Literature, 7th ed. NY: Norton, 2000. Pgs. 2092-2120. Secondary Sources Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. â€Å"Principles of the Mind†: Continuity in Yeats’s Poetry. MLN, Vol. 83, No. 6, Comparative Literature. (Dec., 1968). David Ward. Yeats’s Conflicts With His Audience, 1897-1917. ELH, Vol. 49, No. 1. (Spring, 1982). Virginia Pruitt. Return from Byzantium: W.B. Yeats and â€Å"The Tower.† ELH, Vol. 47, No. 1. (Spring, 1980).